Resolution by the American Medical Association (AMA) including condemnation of HIV-based discrimination, calls for laws to be consistent with current scientific knowledge, and encouragement of public education about stigma created by HIV criminalization status and their negative consequences. (Background information provided by the Centre for HIV Law and Policy)
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Outlines APA’s opposition to HIV criminalization, and makes a number of recommendations including law reform.
Opposes laws that distinguish HIV from other comparable diseases or that create disproportionate penalties for disclosure, exposure or transmission of HIV disease beyond normal public health ordinances. Supports non-punitive prevention approaches to HIV centred on current scientific understanding and evidence based research.
Highlights the detrimental effects of HIV-specific criminalization and supprts modernization of laws and practices to reflect current science and knowledge about HIV, the promotion of education addressing stigma associated with HIV-specific criminalization, and a federal review of federal and state laws, policies and regulations.
States HIV criminalization laws and policies promote discrimination and hinder HIV prevention, care and treatment. Calls for law reform and education.
States HIV criminalisation undermines HIV prevention and sexual health messages, and breeds ignorance, fear and discrimination against people living with HIV. Argues that instead of applying criminal law to HIV transmission, governments should expand programs to reduce HIV transmission while protecting the human rights of people living with HIV.
Summarises extensive discussion about various aspects of current scientific data to explain HIV transmission risk.
Summarises the latest research on the risk of HIV transmission from people on suppressive treatment, focusing on risk of sexual transmission. Authored by the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy.
Argues that criminalisation undermines HIV prevention efforts, calls for a clear distinction between moral and legal issues, and calls on the judiciary to reconsider the application of criminalisation against people with HIV.
States that criminal law is an ineffective and inappropriate tool to prevent HIV exposure and transmission because it dissuades people from accessing diagnostic and treatment services and compromises open and honest communication with nurses. Recommends that nurses advocate for the rights of people living with HIV/AIDS.