Explains HIV transmission risk with reference to numerous studies, including a chart summarising per-act risk estimates for transmission of HIV during different types of sexual intercourse.
(update of original chapter in E. Mykhalovskiy, G. Betteridge and D. McLay, HIV Non-Disclosure and the Criminal Law: Establishing Policy Options for Ontario)
Reports on follow up from prospective cohort study of gay and bisexual men. Findings include estimates of risk from unprotected anal intercourse and oral sex.
Reports analysis of recent studies on per-act HIV transmission risk and modifying factors. Includes risk associated with blood transfusion, vertical exposure, sexual exposures, and parenteral exposures. Finds the risk of HIV acquisition varied widely, with risk from sexual transmission substantially reduced by combined use of condoms and antiretroviral treatment of HIV-infected partners.
Reports data from a longitudinal cohort study of community-based HIV-negative homosexual men in Sydney, Australia. Reports risk of infection through unprotected anal intercourse.
Reports data from a prospective study of African HIV-1–serodiscordant couples assessing transmissions for linkage within the study partnership, based on HIV-1 sequencing. Modifiable risk factors were (HIV-positive partner) RNA level and condom use, and (HIV-negative partner) presence of STIs and male circumcision.
Reports findings from systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies of the risk of HIV-1 transmission per heterosexual contact (43 publications based on 25 studies).
Reports findings from systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on HIV-1 infectiousness through anal intercourse.
Considers the usefulness of phylogenetic analysis in HIV criminal trials, finding that phylogenetic analysis cannot prove that HIV transmission occurred directly between two individuals. Explains that phylogenetic analysis can exonerate individuals by demonstrating that the defendant carried a virus strain unrelated to that of the complainant.
Serves as a call to action for parliamentary leadership and a reference guide for legislators and legislative staff. Contains information and guidance on issues specific to the AIDS response. (This resource contains content that is broader than HIV criminalisation.)
Informs parliamentarians about the types of laws that are helpful and unhelpful in the AIDS response. Gives examples of legislation from around the world that has been effective in limiting the spread of HIV, and draws lessons from the experiences of parliamentarians involved. (This resource contains content that is broader than HIV criminalisation.)